Reincarnation in the Information Age – Part 2

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Robot and human hand passing off a soul.

This is a continuation of the story posted on 9/17/2020. Click here for part 1,

I woke up. I was sitting in the big overstuffed leather chair in my home office. Weird. I felt like I had odd dreams. Odd connections more like, my wedding taking place in a hospital room. My brother David handing me the ring to give to my new wife.

I stood up still trying to parse what had happened. That’s right, I had gone back to Dr. Novella’s office. We needed to put me back into cloud storage while my new body was set up. So, this was the VR system.

I tone chimed from my desk. I walked over and clicked to answer the call. Dr. Novella’s face popped up on one of my screens. “What’s up doc?”

“You do know that got old after the second month of graduating med school, right.” He said said with a slight smile. “I see are setup in VR. Just want to check with how you are doing.”

“I feel OK. Definitely feels like the old me.”

“We have the ability to easily use the full sensory suite in VR. We really don’t have to worry about bridging the gaps we would in physical sensors and feedback systems.” The doctor said.

“The only odd part was waking up. I swear it felt like I was dreaming. I didn’t think I needed to sleep or dream.”

“It is true you don’t need to sleep.” Dr. Novella said. “You no longer need the rest for your body or brain. But we have found the purpose for much of dreaming was to fix or re-inforce neural connections, and some information cataloging, in your case, a database reindex. While their is not a schedule you should sleep,” he made air quotes on the screen, “about an hour a day. Not sure if you will always have the equivalent of dreams, but it is not abnormal. Really right now just calling to check on you. It seems you have adapted well to the the VR.”

“Seems like it,” I said.

“We are going to get your new body delivered to your house. The 5G there is great so should be no issue of getting the differential backup there once you are ready to transfer.”

“Am I going to be there before, the old me, arrives?”

“I figured that was what you would want. They are moving the body there now along with the support equipment for…I don’t know should we just call him James if you are going by Jim?”

“Makes sense to me,” I said.

“We will also have a cyber-physiotherapist there for you. Sometimes the proprioception needs tweaked so you might find walking and balance off a little initially.”


I opened my eyes again. I had sat down in my overstuffed leather chair, and closed my eyes. I had opened them again and was confused. I appeared to be sitting in the same chair. Then I looked up. I was in my home office, the real one this time. Similar to one I had in VR, but clearly this one had the messiness that comes with real life. I looked down at my hand on the arm of the chair, shiny white plastic. I gripped the arm of the chair a little tighter. I could feel my fingers sink into the leather, also the coolness of the leather. I guess this body was equipped with better sensors.

I looked over at my desk. I man was leaning against it with a tablet. He looked over at me. “Greetings Mr. Bach,” he said as he walked over to me and extending his hand. I instinctively shook it. It all felt natural. I started to stand.

“Please do not get up yet,” he said now holding up his hand. “I am Kannen Pind, and will be your cyber-physiotherapist.” Kannen glanced at his tablet and hit a few buttons. “OK, go ahead and stand up slowly let me know if you have any balance issues.”

I stood up slowly from my chair. I felt a little off. Kannen kept working on his tablet.

“Walk around the room a little,” he said. “You probably wouldn’t pass a DUI test just yet but give me a few minutes.”

I walked small circles around my office. Kannen was right I probably wouldn’t pass a drunk test. Did just feel a little dizzy, but it kept feeling better as I moved. Very quickly it felt natural. Kannen did a few other tests; the close your eyes touch your nose, touch your ears kind. Those seemed to feel right.

“OK, I am going to stay here and monitor for a bit.” Kannen said. “Feel free to do what you need. I will let you know if I see an issue.” He sat down in my overstuffed chair and continued to look at his tablet.

I walked up the stairs to the master bedroom. It felt pretty natural. I guess the new tweaks work pretty well. I looked in the bed was made and monitoring equipment an IV drug delivery system was there.

A phone rang, effectively in my head. I pulled up a virtual display of my old cell phone and accepted the call.

“This is patient transport, wanted to let you know Mr. Bach is nearly to your house if you can meet us.”

“No problem. I will be right down,” I said. I disconnected the phone and with a swipe of my hand dismissed the virtual phone. This new user interface was very intuitive. On the plus side in my new life I would never lose my cell phone again.

I walked down the stairs an opened the front door, a nurse and the driver were helping old me out of a van and into a wheelchair. They pushed him up to the front door. I had to help them get the chair over the step of the door. I looked behind me to the stairs. I guess we didn’t think this out completely. “Do you think you can make it up the stairs?” I said.

“Barely,” James said. He already looked out of breath. “You have a new look.”

Funny, I hadn’t taken a moment to look in the mirror. Come to think of it this body should be as strong as I used to be, probably stronger. “Why don’t I carry you up?”

“If you think you can go ahead,” said old me. “You still have a better chance than I do.”

I squatted down and carefully got my arms around his back and behind his knees and carefully lifted him up. He felt much lighter than I thought. I carefully made my way up the stairs, followed by the nurse. I carefully set him on the bed.

“I think I have it from here,” old me said. “Give me a little privacy.”

“OK. I will check back on you in just a little bit,” I said. I know, when I was in that bed fighting the exhaustion of changing clothing, I didn’t want to be seen. I glanced in the master bathroom mirror on my way out. A fairly nice sleek android body all in shiny white plastic with black accents.

I roamed downstairs to a small library I had. Glanced through the books. I found what I wanted, a thick hardback shelved with the A’s. OK, so I sort my books by author, what of it. I waited for a little while to let other me get settled and headed back upstairs.

The nurse sat next to my bed and old me comfortably resting on a pile of pillows. “You can probably head out if you like. I should be able to take care of it from here for now.”

The nurse looked at me for a moment, then at old me. “Are you sure?” She asked. I think more toward old me.

“Yes.” We said in unison.

She grabbed her things and headed out of the room.

“I think she wanted your validation more,” I said to old me.

“Probably thinks crazy robot is going to kill me,” old me said. “Not that it is much effort, all you probably need to do at this point is, nothing.”

I sat down in the chair beside the bed. Odd, not as much difference to me between standing and sitting other than being polite. I glanced at the book in my hand. “Remember when we were sick as a kid? Mom, used to sit and read to us.”

“Yep.” Old me said. “Actually I also now remember Sally reading to me when I had a royally bad case of the flu.”

“Not much chance of that now,” I said. “That divorce didn’t go well.”

“Should have been more focused on her than work. Oh, well maybe in the next life I will do better.” Old me said with a slight smile.

I picked up the book, turned to the last short story and started reading aloud for him. It was Isaac Asimov’s The Bicentennial Man. Definitely a little pulpier than I remembered it. Old me just laid back and listened. I think it took a couple times of old me taking a nap, but we finished the story.

“A little hokier than I remember it,” old me said. “I think the movie polished up the edges. But you probably remember that better than me.”

“Nope.” I said. ” Remember what the doctor told us the process just maps the existing stucture of the connectome over to the brain emulation environment. Memory still is based on the connections you formed and the reconstruction you make. I won’t remember anything better than you did. Our memories smooth out our rough edges just as Hollywood does for old short stories.

“I will remember everything from this moment, a constant recording of all the audio and visual that happens to me. Will be able to retrospect much better as long as I can remember the time it happened. I don’t know if that will be better. It might be better to leave the past as you remember it…”

“…or have forgotten it.” Old me finished. “Maybe not the best thing to recall all your failings. Just let them fall into the past. Also to polish up all your success.”

“Well, I will find out.” I said. “I am thinking this will be one memory that is good to remember. Our final transition.”

“Did like the story.” Old me said. “So, a story about a robot giving up his life after two hundred years to be considered human. So here I am about to give up my life to be a robot.”

“The irony is probably why I picked the story. Although I guess not a robot. You’re the one that gets to shuffle off this mortal coil, and I get a whole new hardware abstraction layer. Pretty much get to be reborn now an immortal.”

“And I am ready.” Old me said. “I swear they have cranked up the morphine pump to almost the LD50 level, and it is not helping as much. You will stay till the end?”

“Of course.” I said. I held my old hand feeling still weaker in my new hand.

So I sat. An advantage of the android body is it doesn’t get tired, it could stay in the same position for as long as I needed. I will say I cheated a little my body may have stayed in the chair sitting watching old me I switched over to my VR body in the VR office. A big screen TV across from my desk. I visual feed from my android body on the screen. I just looked over a bunch of my legal documents, just a final check on getting my affairs in order. I wasn’t really sure what I needed to do now. I did what I always did found some job to busy myself with.

One of the monitors by my old body started beeping. It caused my consciousness to snap back from VR to the android body. Ow, that was maybe a little too sudden. I refocused on the room around me again. The heart monitor seemed to be indicating a problem. I silenced the alarm. No real reason for alarms anymore.

I took my old body’s hand in my new ones, and just watched. Breathing now shallow, occasionally stopping and taking larges gasps of air. I looked at the monitor pulse rising and blood pressure dropping. Back to my body gasping for air more and more. I think this was now the remaining software of the lizard brain running. A few more strong gasps of breath, and then, nothing. I glanced up at the monitors, everything showing a flatline.

I looked down at my old hand in my new ones. The temperature sensors in my new ones weren’t the best, but could start to feel the temperature cooling. All the hardware shutdown, and with it all the software shutdown. The soul gone, but not gone. All the software and my soul was now here running on this new hardware.


I looked in the mirror. I brushed my hair a little. Looked at my face. A still younger face looked back at me. For the final body I had opted for a younger more vibrant me. I adjusted my black suit jacket. Looked at my open collared shirt. Debated for the tenth time if I should wear a tie. No, I think informal is still best for me. I glanced at myself one last time and walked out the men’s room door. I walked into the viewing room.

People were talking and some people clustered around my casket. Others were already seated. There was a large series of reporters with cameras in the back. I guess I couldn’t avoid those, at least we made them bring silent digital cameras that didn’t need lights or flash.

I walked over to my casket, at least one of us was wearing a tie. I reached down and held old me’s dead hand. The sensors in my new fingers were better it was easier to feel the cold, hardware with no software to run it. I set my old hand down. Well at least I looked peaceful enough.

Now that I had made my entrance more people were sitting. People were giving me a wide berth for the moment. I am not sure if I would know what to say to me if the situation were reversed. Attending your own funeral is just odd.

I walked over to the podium, conversations started to die down. Looks like fifty or sixty people had come to see me, not counting the media; my brother, some friends, more casual friends, and then employees and coworkers.

“Good afternoon everyone,” I said. The room quieted down more and everyone looked up at me. I had written an eulogy, the text floating in front of me like a virtual teleprompter. I brushed it away. Feels better to just wing it.

“Some people have considered it a good exercise to write your eulogy while you are still alive. Think through what people would say about you. It is a harder thing to write after you die. I thought I wrote one that made me look good, but let’s be honest. I was a dick.”

Some muffled snickering from some of my former employees toward the back.

I gestured over to them. “Go ahead get it out, I am sure you said it behind my back. I am out so I can’t fire you.

“Where was I? So after a lifetime of experience apparently the best pearl of wisdom I have is don’t be a dick.” More snickering from the peanut gallery. “But it is practical advice I probably should have taken.

“As I got older there were less and less beginnings and more endings, less weddings and more funerals. Everytime I went to a funeral i remembered I should have spent more time with that person. I should take time to cherish and enjoy the friends around me. Then you get back to work and career and forget your observations. I created a good company. Created a bunch of apps for a bunch of companies the bulk of which no one will remember. Did way to much work. Lost a wife for not paying her enough attention.”

I glanced over at a cluster of my closer friends. “To my friends, I am sorry. I know I wasn’t there enough for you. Give me another chance and I will be there.

“So here I am, born again as the Christians might say, reincarnated as the Buddhists and Hindus would say, As an atheist I will say not only is my soul saved, I have backups.

“Ready to start my second life, now. I am grateful for the opportunity. All I can say right now is try and get the first one right. Oh, yeah and don’t be a dick.”

I started to walk away from the podium. The room was silent for a moment and then my well wishers came to their feet and applauded, not thunderous, but polite. I waited for a moment and then stepped over to my brother. Hey,” I said.

My brother came and embraced me in a big bearhug. I hugged him back. “You know old you called me from the hospital.” He said.

“I didn’t know,” I said. “I advised me to do it. Wasn’t sure old me would take the advice.”

“He, you did.” My brother replied. “We just spent a long time talking. You, old you was very tired and obviously in pain, but he took the time. We certainly have talked like that in years.”

“In theory, I now truly have all the time in the world. But I just now want to live like every day is my last. Why don’t we sit and you can tell me all about it.”

Reincarnation in the Information Age – Part 1

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Robot and human hand holding a soul.

I sat up a little straighter in my bed. Still feeling tired, and reading all the legal documents didn’t help. “So this is everything?” I asked.

“Yes James,” replied Tom. “Your living trust, powers of attorney, will; everything is in order. The hospital’s team is fairly solid only some minor tweaks were needed.”

“So when I wake up,” I said making air quotes. “I will sign all this again to be in a living trust with myself. Still seems weird. Are you sure this is all legal?”

“The court cases are still working their way up the federal appellate courts. No doubt the Supreme Court is going to take this up. Everyone pretty much believes they will rule in favor of uploaded consciousness, ” my attorney replied. “Besides every Justice is pretty old I am pretty sure they want to rule for this as their future option as well.”

“OK, so that’s it.” I said as a scribbled my finger in the signature block on the tablet.

“Yes that is it.” Tom said as he took the tablet and applied the new blockchain notary seal on the tablet. ” I guess I will see you in a few days.”

Well that was over with. Reading legal documents was a pain, doubly so since I had to maintain a clear head. Time to get some rest. I punched the button for morphine and laid back for some sleep.

I think I was able to sleep through the night. I felt the old pains returning as I woke up. I punched the button at the side of my bed.

—–MORPHINE PUMP LOCKED OUT—– I saw on the LED display of my IV. Not a good start for the morning.

There was a tap at my door as Dr. Novella along with an orderly entered my room. “So are we allready for the procedure this morning?”

“I think I would be more ready if I wasn’t in this much pain.”

“Sorry, we can’t have have anything that dampens the neural pathways in the brain, but normally the scanning process is a reasonable distraction.”

The orderly helped me to a wheelchair and we all went down to the scanner. Pretty much just a huge MRI.

“William will take good care of you.” Said Dr. Novella gesturing to the neurographer. “Sorry with the drugs your pain may get a little more acute, but it does enhance the readings. I will be monitoring from the control room.”

“Go ahead and get up on the table,” William said.

I hoped up to the table and sat down. William handed me some special socks and gloves with cables coming out.

“Go ahead and put these on,” William said. “You will need them for the tactile stimulus, and then go ahead and lie down.”

I lay down. I have been prodded and poked and ordered around for so long, that you just go with the flow.

William stood over me. “Sorry I am going to need to give you the neuroenhancers. I know it won’t be comfortable but we will try to get you started as soon as we can.” With that he injected the meds into my central line, and put padding around me to immobilize me for the scan.

” I am going put these googles and earphones on now. They complete the audio and visual stimulus systems. They should also distract from the pain,” he said. “I will be in the control room with your doctor. You will be monitored completely if you have an issue let us know. We’ll hear you. Other than that try and relax.”

I felt the table slide into the scanner. Then everything started. First the clicking and whirring sounds of an MRI; then just odd stimuli, sometimes sensations of poking or caressing of my hands and feet, snippets of music, conversation or other random sounds, and then random colors, pictures and all sort of odd video.

They were right, whatever pain I may have been feeling just got overwhelmed with the massive sensory overload my brain was getting, not unpleasant but definitely tiring. I couldn’t gauge how long I was in the machine. Finally all the stimulation stopped and I felt the table slide out of the scanner everything quiet except for the liquid helium pumps.

I was done. Fortunately I just needed to lie there as the staff put me on a gurney to go back to my room. I felt them put me back in my bed. They must have given me my meds back because I wasn’t feeling pain. I just drifted off to sleep.


I woke up. This was just odd. Definitely awake. I don’t seem to feel much, everything is muffled. I can’t seem to open my eyes. It’s like I feel them, but can figure out how the lids work. It is there just there out of reach. No wait, there it is. My eyes opened. I was sitting at a small conference table. Dr. Novella sat across the table from me, probably a corner of his office.

“Welcome,” he said. “How are you feeling?”

“OK I guess.” The voice was mine maybe a little off my mouth just felt weird. No pain though. I don’t think they made drugs that good. “Not sure maybe just nothing feels quite right.”

I looked down, my hands were where I sensed them to be, but I saw basic robot hands. “So I guess I’m the upload, but I thought I was going to have a normal body?”

“Oh you will James, sometimes it is easier to start with a simpler body, it helps to bring all the senses up more slowly and work on the proprioception. Don’t worry this is not how you are ending up. This is just where you are starting.”

“Actually call me Jim. I think I have been too formal in my past life.” I said.

“Whatever you prefer Mr. Bach.” Dr. Novella said with a small smile. “There is a mirror behind you if you want to see what you look like now.”

I turned around. It seemed to feel like turning. I looked in the mirror. Looking into a representation of my face on a tablet. I tried smiling and the face did indeed smile. It looked like directly above the tablet were two cameras. The rest of me was a simple robot chassis that I had wheels under the bottom covering and had the two hands attached to the front. I held out my hand in front and flexed my fingers. I turned back around to the doctor.

“Odd,” I said. “Clearly not my body, but it doesn’t feel bad.”

“That’s just some of the basic programing,” said Dr. Novella. “We have a whole suite of software designed to map inputs back to your mind OS. It allows the brain to work better with even an unfamiliar structure. I know some things right now are simplistic. But it will get you used to the interfaces, although most of it runs below the perception of your OS.

“I few questions first just to make sure you are good. Do you know where you are?”

“I am back at the hospital, I assume. In what looks to be your office, although I hadn’t been here before.” I said.

“Good, and do you know what has happened to you?”

“Last thing I remember is lying down in the scanner, getting a whole bunch of feelings, lights and sounds. And it looks like a woke up here.”

“Good. And how are you feeling?” Asked Dr. Novella.

“Well I am here. And I sort of feel like me. I guess the big thing I notice is I am not in pain. Sort of feels like I have a body” I tapped my fingers and thumb together on both hands. “And I guess I can feel my fingers.”

“We have found the mind is very plastic in dealing with its environment, as long as the inputs are reasonable and non-contradictory you make sense of them even if it is not as before.” Said the doctor. “Now with that in mind the next step will be to transition you to an android body. It will be almost the same as the final body, but without the final cosmetic applications to make it look like you, and a less robust suite of tactile senses.

“So any questions before we continue?” Asked Dr, Novella.

“So am I still alive?”

“Well that is a bit of a philosophical question…” the doctor started to say.

“No. As far as I am feeling and thinking. I would call myself alive, but what about my body? It wasn’t put down or anything?

The doctor looked shocked. “No! We would never do that. You, the scanned you, was tired after the procedure. We took him back to his room, restarted his normal pain meds. Obviously, he is not in the best of health, but not due to anything we would have done.”

“OK,” I said. “Could I go see… myself?”

“Sure,” said the doctor. “We would have wanted to do that shortly anyway. Also your attorney would want to see the both of you. I can send him a message that you are up. Why don’t you follow me?”

Dr. Novella stood up from his chair and started to the office door. I, rolled, after him. We made our way down the hallway, and to the elevator. We took the elevator up to the patient floors, walked to my/our, room.

The doctor knocked on the door briefly before entering. “James, I have a visitor for you.”

I rolled in, yeah rolled is the right word. I stopped to look at, me, myself, my body? I didn’t think I had ever been that old. The face was a little jaundiced, the eyes seeming a little dull, and just a general display of pain across the face. I rolled closer to the bed. “Hi James,” I said.

“Hello, James?” Said other me? He was clearly looking at my face on the tablet. I wonder if he thought I looked better.

“I decided to go by Jim. I think I thought I was a little too formal in my — previous life?”

“Not formal,” said other me. “Too serious, and too serious about the wrong things. I built a great business, got to build a whole lot of meaningless apps for a whole bunch of companies. But in the last days of my life who is at my bedside, me. My brother isn’t even here.”

I took James’ hand in my hand. No warmth, I don’t think these hands had temperature sensors. They did sense pressure. I squeezed his hand a little. I got a very weak squeeze in return. I looked into my old eyes. Old me was definitely dying.

Is it really old me though? The mind in this robot body is my mind. It really only now differs by a few days worth of experiences, but we are still us. Really all that is going away is one set of hardware. I guess we were able to make enough money to get a replacement, but the mind in the old hardware should have had a better life.

I looked at James again. “Go call David.” I said. “While to you in a few days or weeks it won’t matter. I think it will matter to me if I knew I didn’t say goodbye.”

James’ grip tightened on my hand. “OK buddy I will. But why don’t you see if I can go home. Probably better to die in your old bed then some hospital.”

I looked over at Dr. Novella, he was still standing in the corner. “Any issues with us going home?”

“Shouldn’t be. I will get with the charge nurse to get someone assigned to your house, and get the release paperwork done. I will need to get with your oncologist, Dr. Gorski, I think, to handle the release and get the right palliative care meds.

“We probably need to get you moved to a new body. I assume you have stairs in your house. Your current body isn’t going to work well with those.”

I looked back at me. “I guess I will see you at home.”

“Yeah sounds good,” James replied.


This ends part one one of this story come back Monday for the conclusion.

Spirit As Software And Concurrent Reincarnation

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Human silhouette with software code

Spirit an operating system for an autonomous robot.

Joscha Bach VP of Research at the AI Foundation

I was listening to the Lex Fridman Podcast with Joscha Bach. Perhaps the most interesting concept that comes out of it is spirit or maybe soul as an operating system. That is what animates the body, and when it stops running the body dies. Something damages the wetware (your brain) and the software can’t run anymore. Or some other hardware fails and your brain no longer has the power to run the software and again the body dies.

So the question is what happens if you can copy the software to another substrate. The concept that you can upload your consciousness. On a computer moving between two volumes (e.g. hard drives) is not really a move. It is a copy and a delete. So deleting the copy off of one of the substrates (body) is killing that substrate.

Is Uploading Death or Reincarnation

I think the thought has to change that our spirit/soul is a singular thing. There is no copyright against making a copy. Then which soul is yours? Both have the same memories and experiences. They are both you. If one is uploaded it is just running on a different platform. If you have a setup on a computer you like you could clone the hard drive to another one and drop it into a new machine. After going through the pain of driver hell to make sure all the settings settings in the software work on the new hardware, you boot up the machine for the first time. Everything is where you left it, the only difference is everything works faster on your new hardware.

Now carry this over to uploading a spirit. Ideally we have figured out the hardware of the brain to be able to create the substrate the spirit will run on. Also again go through the driver hell to make sure the spirit is comfortable in the new hardware. We do we have the spirit reborn in a new body. We have achieved reincarnation in our modern world. We have gone one better is you do not have to die to be reincarnated.

The Continuity Problem

Many years ago Steven Novella wrote a good post on The Continuity Problem. The idea that even a copy of you is not you. Your old self died, and while the copy has all the memory and experiences of you. The physical you that existed is gone. For people who believe in life after death this doesn’t seem to be a problem. You consider your soul or spirit living on. The question is are you your body. If you think you are then uploading is not for you. Oddly enough I have never been a Cartesian Dualist. The mind and the body are not different the mind is just what the brain does. But if you can replace my brain with a new one and copy over my software I would accept that as a solution. So my answer to The Continuity Problem is hardware agnostic dualism, and I think I could deal with uploading, as long as you give me good hardware to run my spirit on.

Too Cheap to Meter, the Future of Energy

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Rendering of a Tokamak interiro

Too cheap to meter” generally refer to a commodity that is so inexpensive that it is cheaper to provide it for a flat fee than to go to the trouble of monitoring its usage. It should be pointed out that it doesn’t mean free.

Did It Refer to Nuclear Energy.

The phrase comes in a speech [pdf] given by Lewis Strauss, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commision in 1954. It is really a prediction of a rosy future.

It is not too much to expect that our children will enjoy in their homes electrical energy too cheap to meter, — will know of great periodic regional famines in the world only as a matter of history, –will travel effortlessly over the seas and under them and through the air with a minimum of danger and at great speeds, –and will experience a lifespan far longer than ours, as disease yields and man comes to understand what causes him to age.

Lewis L Strauss, Chairman United States Atomic Energy Commision. Speech delivered to National Associated of Science Writers 9/16/1954.

The anti-nuclear crowd often uses the phrase on how nuclear fission energy has not lived up to its hype. Although some people have pointed out that this was was never about fission, but about fusion. Strauss would have been aware of Project Sherwood, which at the time was a classified project for nuclear fusion.

But Many Predictions Are Coming True

So while fusion did not come true being the technology that is 20 years away and always will be, many other things are coming true. OK, there does not seem to be any submarine travel as of yet, but air travel is now commonplace, but perhaps more interestingly…

Famine is Decreasing

Word in data chart that shows the decline of famines.

Life Expectancy is Increasing

Our World in Data graph that shows the massive increase in life spans.

So Are We Still Twenty Years From Sustainable Nuclear Fusion

Still hard to tell however for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) just announced the machine assembly phase has started on 7/28/2020 and first plasma is scheduled for December of 2025. ITER should be the first fusion plant that will produce surplus energy in theory 500MW of fusion power from 50 MW of heating energy.

Some of the issues on fusion are probably you have to spend a good amount on research to get anywhere. This is in the era of Big Science where to get advances we have to spend money on huge projects. The most current example is the discovery of the Higgs Boson. We couldn’t have found it without having the Large Hadron Collider which cost about $9 billion and was built on some of the existing infrastructure CERN already had. The costs of ITER construction will be over $15 billion. So this may be one of the biggest science projects in the world. If it makes fusion possible it will be worth it.

Another reason fusion is 20 years away and always will be is a certain amount of funding is needed to keep big science moving. Spend too little and the growth and maintenance of institutional knowledge ends up being stagnated so there is an dollar amount that we have to be above to keep the projects moving. Current world GDP is 124 trillion dollars so this huge project is less than an 8,000th of the world’s economy.

So Is It a Too Cheap To Meter Future

It would seem with enough money spent on the problem and the growth of knowledge fusion is a solvable problem. Not only is it Big Science, but it will be Big Infrastructure. The biggest cost will be to build the plants, not to fuel them. So we can look forward to energy abundance, and perhaps truly too cheap to meter.

Pattern Recognition and AI

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The question is the brain just a pattern recognition engine. This is what the short story in the last post was about. Many years back I read Jeff Hawkins’s book On Intelligence which dealt with how the brain works. My takeaway from that is the brain is a pattern recognition engine, Hawkins refers to it as as hierarchical-pattern recognizer.

Why Catching a Ball Doesn’t Work the Way You Think it Does

A good example in the book is teaching a computer to catch a ball vs. a human catching a ball. If you were to design a robot hand to catch a ball you would have a visual input and something that moves the hand to the place it needs to get the ball. You also have a computer that can do calculations in nanoseconds. So the visual system is giving the positions and the computer is calculating the trajectory and moves the hand into the position.

We don’t do this the same way. The cycle time of neurons is in the millisecond. If you are trying to calculate where the ball is to catch it you have already missed it. Instead your brain knows the patterns in the physics of moving objects. When you see a ball moving toward you your brain identifies the pattern of moving objects and you move your hand to the location based on that pattern.

An interesting question would be when we have baseball stadiums on the Moon or Mars would a professional athlete be any good in catching or hitting the ball. Initially they would be awful as their pattern recognition engine is running the pattern for objects Earth gravity and unable to match it to the physics of the moment. It would take them the time to build a new pattern match. Eventually they would and there skills would return to normal.

Pattern Recognition Theory of Mind

I didn’t realize it, but from my armchair I hit on the Pattern Recognition Theory of Mind that Ray Kurzweil came up with in his armchair. The New Yorker is not too kind on its review of How to Create a Mind.

So while pattern recognition isn’t everything there probably is something to it. There is also just the knowledge we all have. This was also in the short story with Cycorp which is a real company. I had read about them in the late 1990’s which was a project to give a computer all the knowledge of a 5 year old this. This project appears to have been ongoing over the last 25 years and may be bearing some fruit.

So it looks like what we need in AI is both the understanding of how we recognize patterns, and also how we get all the rules of inferences we have build up.